IT 산업에서의 대규모 아웃소싱이 진행되기 전 , 기업들이 자체 IT 조직을 구성하여 개발을 진행하던 시절에는
SW개발이 프로젝트 형태를 이루기 보다는 개발 업무의 일환으로 진행되었던 적이 있었습니다 만,
최근에는 SW 개발이 프로젝트 형태를 띄지 않는 경우가 거의 없습니다.
개발 프로젝트를 진행하다보면 , 여러가지 커뮤니케이션 문제를 만나게 되는데 원인을 생각해 보면
용어에 대한 이해가 잘못되어 발생한 경우가 적지 않았다고 생각이 되는군요.
예를들면, "이 프로젝트는 일정이 어떻게 됩니까 ?" 이런 질문이 나오면 여러가지 답이 나옵니다.
그러면 다시 알고 싶은 것을 다른말로 물어보고 이렇게 몇번 반복을 해야 커뮤니케이션이 완성 되는데
위 상황이 이메일로 이루어지는 경우를 생각해보면 엄청난 시간이 드는 문제가 아닐 수 없더군요.
프로젝트에 관계된 용어를 정리 해 둘 필요가 있겠다 싶어 관련 자료를 찾아 보았는데 게을러서 그런지
검색실력이 꽝인지 좋은 자료가 잘 안나오네요.
- Project Management
Working in the field of project management requires a number of distinct skills.
A project manager needs to be able to define the scope of a project clearly,
estimate the cost and time required to complete it, set deliverables and specifications
for every stage from start to finish, and allocate the needed resources as efficiently
as possible.
The ability to manage people is also a critical skill. A good project manager can deal
productively with a broad range of stakeholders, including employees, clients,
subcontractors and others affected by the project. He or she will need to sign off on
major decisions, such as change orders, while choosing the best possible team to make
day-to-day decision.
- Project Manager (PM)
The person with overall responsibility for planning and managing a project.
This title is used in the construction industry, information technology and many other
industries that are based on the production of product or service.
"A project manager needs to begin by setting clear objectives."
- Sponsor
The person who has authority over a project, provides funding, approves scope changes
and champions the project within an organization. The project sponsor is usually
a representative of the client, since the client has commissioned and funded the project.
"The sponsor should provide high-level guidence while letting the project manager
handle day-to-day isues."
- Stakeholder
Anyone who has an interest in a project or will be affected by it. Stakeholders can be
people inside or outside the organization carrying out the project.
"We need to remember that the homeowners near our new factory are also stakeholder
in the expansion project."
- Subcontractor
A business or person who is paid to do part of the work assigned to another person or company."
"We can't permit our IT provider to subcontract any work on our database, since this
would put the security of our customer records at risk."
- Scope
Including the project's goal, the resources to be used to carry it out, and a specific
description of the expected end result.
- Deliverables
A deliverable may be either a physical object, such as a newly designed product, or
an outcome, such as the completion of a business plan.
- Specifications
Specifications is often abbreviated to : specs.
Specifications are detailed descriptions of the deliverables for a project and include all
the technical, time and cost requirements of a project.
"This customer management software doesn't meet our original specifications."
- Baseline
A set of standards for a project, usually based on previous experience, that can
be used to evaluate its progress. The baseline will include the project's expected costs,
schedule and any technical requrements.
"Our baseline expectation is to complete the project by December at a cost of no
more than $4 million."
- Resources
All items needed to complete a project, such as a tool, supply item, facility or person.
People (human resources) and money (financial resources) are often the most important
elements of a project.
"The scope of a project needs to match the resources available to carry it out."
- To estimate
To calculate or guess the value, size or amount of something.
"The value of the deal is estimated at $12 million."
- Top-down estimate
'from the top down', or in great detail, and comparing it to similar projects in the past.
"Richard has worked on several similar projects before, so he can give us
a top-down estimate of how much this one should cost."
- To allocate
To decide that an amount of money, time or other resources should be used
for a certain purpose.
"Du Pont has allocated funds t build two new factories in Asia."
- Margin
A spare amount of money, time or other resources that is set aside in case of
unforseen problems, costs or delays.
"This construction project has two-week margin to allow for delays due to bad weather."
- Contingency
A planned allocation of resources that are to be used in the event that something
unforeseen, ... such as a bad weather, affects the completion of a project according
to the schedule.
"We need to develop plans to deal with any contingencies before starting the project."
- Change order
A request for a change in a project's scope, deliverables or cost. Most large projects will
require change orders, either because the project manager sees the need for changes
or because the client's needs have changed.
"It's important to get the client to approve any change orders before allocating more resources."
- To sign off
To give approval for someone else's decision.
"The finance director needs to sign off on any change in our approved vendors."
- Schedule
A set of target dates for completing elements of a project.
"The schedule requires us to complete the first phase by January 1."
"Richard has scheduled a meeting for all department heads on Wednesday morning at 10:00."
- Timeframe
Time frame is usually written as one word, but can be written as two: time frame.
"The timeframe for this project is quite tight as we only have two month to complete the design phase."
- To kick off
An idiomatic expression meaning 'to start'. Can also be used as a noun: kickoff.
"We kicked off the new project with a meeting for all stakeholders."
- To give the green light
To give permission for a project to begin.
"The commission has given the green light for a wind farm development."
- Lead time
The time between making a request and receiving the results.
Often used to refer to the time between placing an order and receiving delivery.
"We have a large backlog of order, so our lead time has risen from 15 days to nearly 30 days."
- To execute
To perform or accomplish a specific task.
"We need to execute each phase of this project according to schedule or we'll be facing series delays."
- Stage / phase
A specific time period assigned for one element (part) of a project.
In most cases, each stage will end with the completion of a deliverable.
"In the second phase, marketing will work with our research team to build new feature
based on customer feedback."
- Milestone
A critical event during the life of a project, usually the accomplishment of a project deliverable.
"Completing all documentation is a key milestone for most software development projects."
- Constraint
A restriction of limitation that influences the project plan. For example, a target date may be a
constraint on the scheduling of a project.
"There are two key constraints on the scope of this project: it needs to be completed in less
than six months and within budget."
- Critical path
The sequence of activities that must be completed on time for the entire project to finsh on schedule.
"The critical path for this product launch involves market research, followed by product development and testing."
- Deadline
The latest time or date by which something should be completed.
"The deadline to apply for these new positions is next Friday."
- Dependency relationship
A relationship between two elements of a projects.. requiring one to be started or finished before
another can begin.
"There's a clear dependency relationship between planning and budgeting, since the plans have
to e finished before we can calculate our materials costs."
- PERT chart
A tool used to schedule, organize and coordinate tasks within a project.
"A PERT chart specifies the sequence of tasks in a project, and the time required t execute each one."
- Gannt chart
A bar chart that shows the overlapping timing of activities involved in a project, and sometimes
also shows the relationship betwen them.
"According to the project's Gannt chart, we should complete our fundraising on or before 15 June."
- Work breakdown structure (WBS)
A tree-like structure of tasks that need to be performed to complete a project.
The WBS is often used as a project management tool.
"Creating a WBS might help us identify the major cost items for this project."
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